Effects of Different Substrates on Fermentation Parameters

Fermenting different raw materials (corn, soybean meal and cottonseed meal) with three kinds of strains (Lactobacillus, yeast and Bacillus subtilis) were employed to optimize the fermentation parameter with sensory evaluation, pH and amount of probiotics retention.The results showed that the time to reach stable pH of materials with different substrates was different.Cottonseed meal had the longest time to reach stable pH followed by soybean meal, while corn had the shortest time under the condition of same water content.Different substrates had no effect on initial pH of corn, soybean meal and cottonseed meal.The count of the probiotics was also influenced by different substrates.When pH reached steady state, corn had the largest number of the probiotics followed by soybean meal and cottonseed meal.The color and smell of three materials after fermented had distinctive features.But cottonseed meal had the highest viscosity followed by soybean meal and corn.Because of shorter time and more microorganisms, corn was better than soybean meal and cottonseed meal to be fermenting medium.     

The Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell in Prion Research

Scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy are fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by the accumulation of a misfolded protein (PrP^res), the pathological form of the cellular prion protein (PrP^C). For the last decades, prion research has greatly progressed, but many questions need to be solved about prion replication mechanisms, cell toxicity, differences in genetic susceptibility, species barrier or the nature of prion strains. These studies can be developed in murine models of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, although development of cell models for prion replication and sample titration could reduce economic and timing costs and also serve for basic research and treatment testing. Some murine cell lines can replicate scrapie strains previously adapted in mice and very few show the toxic effects of prion accumulation. Brain cell primary cultures can be more accurate models but are difficult to develop in naturally susceptible species like humans or domestic ruminants. Stem cells can be differentiated into neuron‐like cells and be infected by prions. However, the use of embryo stem cells causes ethical problems in humans. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from many adult tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue or even peripheral blood. These cells differentiate into neuronal cells, express PrP^C and can be infected by prions in vitro. In addition, in the last years, these cells are being used to develop therapies for many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. We review here the use of cell models in prion research with a special interest in the potential use of MSCs.     

Recurrent Temporary Paralysis Reported After Human Rabies Post‐Exposure Prophylaxis

Adverse events can occur after rabies post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and linkage to causality is often difficult to determine. We report a case of recurrent temporary paralysis that began immediately after the initiation of rabies PEP in a man exposed to a bat. The recurrent temporary paralysis first occurred in the patient after his initial dose and then again after day 3 of his rabies PEP. The PEP was terminated prior to a serologic response. The patient continued to experience numerous discrete episodes of temporary paralysis for over two years.     

柿自然脱涩能力与单宁细胞发育规律的研究

研究了三种不同甘、涩类型柿果实中可溶性单宁含量，单宁细胞和薄壁细胞发育规律，结果表明，完全甜柿和不完全甜柿的主要脱涩期明显不同，前者在果实发育的早期，后者在近熟期；完全甜柿自然脱涩主要是由于薄壁细胞的持续增大和单宁铁早期停止发育，造成单宁细胞占果肉面积比下降所致，而不完全甜柿的树上脱涩主要依赖果实成熟前单宁的凝固作用。     

低温驯化的黑荆树悬浮培养细胞中可溶性蛋白质含量变化*

低温驯化能够诱导黑荆树悬浮培养细胞增强抗冻性，ＬＴ５０从－４．３℃下降到－８．２℃。低温驯化诱可溶性蛋白质含量增加，其增加的时间进程与细胞抗冻性发育呈平行关系。环已亚胺抑制可溶性蛋白质含量增加，同时也抑制细胞抗冻性发育。在低温驯化期不同时间加入环已亚胺抑制抗冻性发育，表明低温驯化１０ｄ后抗浆性发育接近完成。糖对增加驯化细胞中可溶性蛋白质有促进作用，加快增加含量的时间进程，但对最终提高蛋白质含量水平     

爬竹雄蕊发育异常的初步观察

本文报道了爬竹雄蕊发育中有异于正常雄蕊发育过程的现象。观察结果表明,爬竹的某些雄蕊在发育过程中,在不同的时期发生偏离于正常途径的发育,这些异常现象最早出现在雄蕊原基发育时期。异常发育的雄蕊或者不能形成花粉囊;或者形成了花粉囊但囊内细胞高度液泡化,缺乏原生质,无法形成有效的小孢子母细胞。     

前体饲喂对细胞培养生产紫杉烷的促进作用

研究了前体化合物对中国红豆杉细胞培养生产紫杉烷的影响.0.5 mmol/L 丙酮酸钠使紫杉醇和1β-羟基巴卡亭Ⅰ的产率分别增加236 %和225.8 %.2 mmol/L 3-甲基 -2-丁烯 -1-醇和0.4 mmol/L苯甲酸钠使2α,5α,10β,14β-四乙酰氧基 -紫杉 -4(20),11-二烯产率分别提高218.6 %和245.2 %.1 mmol/L乙酸钠和0.5 mmol/L 丙酮酸钠使14β-2-甲基丁酰氧基 -2α,5α,10β-三乙酰氧基-紫杉 -4(20),11-二烯的产率分别提高193 %和210.4 %.结果表明添加适当浓度的前体有利于紫杉烷的合成.     

甜樱桃新品系的选育研究

本试验以5~6 a生的红灯、大紫、抉择等甜樱桃品种的自然授粉的胚培苗为试材,通过对樱桃果实的大小、颜色、可溶性固形物、果肉质地、果汁含量、成熟度等经济性状的观察,明确了优质、自交可孕、不易裂果、耐贮运、适于机械采收、抗病虫、抗寒等现代育种目标,初步选育出几个优株:可溶性固形物高的I-6,平均单果重为2.66 g,最大单果重3.15 g,可溶性固形物为20%;果个较大,丰产性好的I-16,平均单果重为4.57 g,最大单果重6.14 g,可溶性固形物为16%;适于老年人鲜食的,软汁甜樱桃II-15,平均单果重为5.00 g,最大单果重5.71 g,可溶性固形物为17%以及晚熟、色黑果大的III-2,平均单果重为3.48 g、最大单果重3.53 g、可溶性固形物为16%。